Method of hydrocarbon resource recovery including actuator operated positioning of an rf sensor and related apparatus

ABSTRACT

A method of hydrocarbon resource recovery from a subterranean formation may include forming a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairs in the subterranean formation. Each injector/producer well pair may include a laterally extending producer well and a laterally extending injector well spaced thereabove. The method may include forming an intermediate well adjacent a given injector/producer well pair, and operating a positioning actuator to position a radio frequency (RF) sensor coupled to the positioning actuator to at least one predetermined location within the intermediate well. The method may further include operating the RF sensor at the at least one predetermined location within the intermediate well to selectively sense at least one corresponding portion of the subterranean formation adjacent the given injector/producer well pair. The method may also include recovering hydrocarbon resources from the plurality of injector/producer well pairs including the given injector/producer well pair.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of hydrocarbon resourcerecovery, and, more particularly, to hydrocarbon resource recovery usingRF heating.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Energy consumption worldwide is generally increasing, and conventionalhydrocarbon resources are being consumed. In an attempt to meet demand,the exploitation of unconventional resources may be desired. Forexample, highly viscous hydrocarbon resources, such as heavy oils, maybe trapped in tar sands where their viscous nature does not permitconventional oil well production. Estimates are that trillions ofbarrels of oil reserves may be found in such tar sand formations.

In some instances these tar sand deposits are currently extracted viaopen-pit mining. Another approach for in situ extraction for deeperdeposits is known as Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). The heavyoil is immobile at reservoir temperatures and therefore the oil istypically heated to reduce its viscosity and mobilize the oil flow. InSAGD, pairs of injector and producer wells are formed to be laterallyextending in the ground. Each pair of injector/producer wells includes alower producer well and an upper injector well. The injector/productionwells are typically located in the payzone of the subterranean formationbetween an underburden layer and an overburden layer.

The upper injector well is used to typically inject steam, and the lowerproducer well collects the heated crude oil or bitumen that flows out ofthe formation, along with any water from the condensation of injectedsteam. The injected steam forms a steam chamber that expands verticallyand horizontally in the formation. The heat from the steam reduces theviscosity of the heavy crude oil or bitumen which allows it to flow downinto the lower producer well where it is collected and recovered. Thesteam and gases rise due to their lower density so that steam is notproduced at the lower producer well and steam trap control is used tothe same affect. Gases, such as methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogensulfide, for example, may tend to rise in the steam chamber and fill thevoid space left by the oil defining an insulating layer above the steam.Oil and water flow is by gravity driven drainage, into the lowerproducer well.

Operating the injection and production wells at approximately reservoirpressure may address the instability problems that adversely affecthigh-pressure steam processes. SAGD may produce a smooth, evenproduction that can be as high as 70% to 80% of the original oil inplace (OOIP) in suitable reservoirs. The SAGD process may be relativelysensitive to shale streaks and other vertical barriers since, as therock is heated, differential thermal expansion causes fractures in it,allowing steam and fluids to flow through. Moreover, hydrocarbonreservoirs may be inhomogeneous may include “thief zones” which mayallow steam to escape in the SAGD wells. Local regions of relativelypoor formation permeability may also be disadvantageous for hydrocarbonextraction. SAGD may be twice as efficient as the older cyclic steamstimulation (CSS) process.

Many countries in the world have large deposits of oil sands, includingthe United States, Russia, and various countries in the Middle East. Oilsands may represent as much as two-thirds of the world's total petroleumresource, with at least 1.7 trillion barrels in the Canadian AthabascaOil Sands, for example. At the present time, only Canada has alarge-scale commercial oil sands industry, though a small amount of oilfrom oil sands is also produced in Venezuela. Because of increasing oilsands production, Canada has become the largest single supplier of oiland products to the United States. Oil sands now are the source ofalmost half of Canada's oil production, although due to the 2008economic downturn work on new projects has been deferred, whileVenezuelan production has been declining in recent years. Oil is not yetproduced from oil sands on a significant level in other countries.

U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2010/0078163 to Banerjee et al.discloses a hydrocarbon recovery process whereby three wells areprovided: an uppermost well used to inject water, a middle well used tointroduce microwaves into the reservoir, and a lowermost well forproduction. A microwave generator generates microwaves which aredirected into a zone above the middle well through a series ofwaveguides. The frequency of the microwaves is at a frequencysubstantially equivalent to the resonant frequency of the water so thatthe water is heated.

Along these lines, U.S. Published Application No. 2010/0294489 toDreher, Jr. et al. discloses using microwaves to provide heating. Anactivator is injected below the surface and is heated by the microwaves,and the activator then heats the heavy oil in the production well. U.S.Published Application No. 2010/0294489 to Wheeler et al. discloses asimilar approach. The radial penetration depth of microwaves may beinsufficient for timely and economic recovery of hydrocarbon resources.For example, oil sand strata may be 10 or more meters thick, yet thedepth of a 2450 MHz microwave for heating may penetrate about 9 inches.

U.S. Pat. No. 7,441,597 to Kasevich discloses using a radio frequencygenerator to apply RF energy to a horizontal portion of an RF wellpositioned above a horizontal portion of a oil/gas producing well. Theviscosity of the oil is reduced as a result of the RF energy, whichcauses the oil to drain due to gravity. The oil is recovered through theoil/gas producing well.

To improve the SAGD process, for example, SAGD wells may be monitored,and more particularly, an injection process may be monitored, asdisclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 7,640,133 to Monmont et al. A tool thatincludes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a flow rate meteris used for measuring temperature, pressure, and velocity at variousmeasurement locations along an injector portion of a wellbore. The toolis conveyed along the wellbore by coiled tubing which is capable ofbeing repeatedly coiled and uncoiled from a truckable spool.Unfortunately, long production times, for example, due to a failedstartup, to extract oil using SAGD may lead to significant heat loss tothe adjacent soil, excessive consumption of steam, and a high cost forrecovery. Over fifty percent of failed startups, for example, aretypically abandoned. Significant water resources are also typically usedto recover oil using SAGD which impacts the environment. Limited waterresources may also limit oil recovery. SAGD is also not an availableprocess in permafrost regions, for example.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the foregoing background, it is therefore an object of thepresent invention to provide a method for more efficiently recoveringhydrocarbon resources from a subterranean formation and whilepotentially using less energy and/or water resources and providingfaster recovery of hydrocarbons.

This and other object, features, and advantages in accordance with thepresent invention are provided by a method of hydrocarbon resourcerecovery from a subterranean formation that includes forming a pluralityof spaced apart injector/producer well pairs in the subterraneanformation. Each injector/producer well pair includes a laterallyextending producer well and a laterally extending injector well spacedthereabove, for example. The method includes forming an intermediatewell adjacent a given injector/producer well pair, and operating apositioning actuator to position a radio frequency (RF) sensor coupledto the positioning actuator to a predetermined location within theintermediate well. The method also includes operating the RF sensor atthe predetermined location within the intermediate well to selectivelysense a corresponding portion of the subterranean formation adjacent thegiven injector/producer well pair, for example. The method furtherincludes recovering hydrocarbon resources from the plurality ofinjector/producer well pairs including the given injector/producer wellpair, for example. Accordingly, portions of the subterranean formationmay be selectively sensed to more efficiently recover hydrocarbonresources, such as, for example, to identify a failed well at a failedlocation.

The RF sensor may include a transmission line having a proximal endcoupled to the positioning actuator. The RF sensor may also include anantenna coupled to a distal end of the transmission line.

An apparatus aspect is directed to an apparatus for a subterraneanformation that includes a plurality of spaced apart injector/producerwell pairs in the subterranean formation, wherein each injector/producerwell pair includes a laterally extending producer well and a laterallyextending injector well spaced thereabove, and an intermediate welladjacent a given injector/producer well pair. The apparatus may includea radio frequency (RF) analyzer and an RF sensor coupled to the RFanalyzer. The apparatus may also include a positioning actuator coupledto the RF sensor and configured to position the RF sensor to at leastone predetermined location within the intermediate well so that the RFsensor is operable at the at least one predetermined location within theintermediate well to selectively sense at least one correspondingportion of the subterranean formation adjacent the giveninjector/producer well pair, for example.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of repairing a failedinjector/producer well pair in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydrocarbon resource recoveryarrangement for use with the method of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of hydrocarbon resource recovery inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an RF applicator ofaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method of hydrocarbon resource recoveryaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 a is a schematic diagram of a hydrocarbon resource arrangementfor use with the method of FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 b is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the RFapplicator in FIG. 6 a.

FIG. 7 is a more detailed flow chart of the method of hydrocarbonresource recovery of FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method of hydrocarbon resource recoveryaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 a is a schematic diagram of a hydrocarbon resource arrangementfor use with the method of FIG. 8.

FIG. 9 b is a enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion of the RFsensor in FIG. 9 a.

FIG. 10 is a more detailed flow chart of the method of hydrocarbonresource recovery of FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodimentsof the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided sothat this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fullyconvey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Likenumbers refer to like elements throughout, and prime and multiple primenotation is used to indicate similar elements in alternativeembodiments.

Referring initially to the flowchart 20 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 2, beginningat Block 22, a method of repairing a failed injector/producer well pair42 from among a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairsin a subterranean formation 41 is now described. Each injector/producerwell pair includes a laterally extending producer well 43 and alaterally extending injector well 44 spaced thereabove as illustrated.The method includes, at Block 24, forming a repair well 46 adjacent thefailed injector/producer well pair 42. More particularly, the repairwell 46 may be formed between each well of the failed injector/producerwell pair 42.

A well pair 42 may fail because of insufficient hydrocarbon resource,i.e. bitumen, mobility, for example. In particular, convective flow mayconvey steam heat, but it may be increasingly difficult to initiate thisflow at the outset. RF heating may provide initial softening of thehydrocarbon resource to initiate convective flow. In particularly coldsubterranean formations, when steam is used, the relatively highhydrocarbon resource viscosity may not allow any steam to penetrate thesubterranean formation through the laterally extending injector well 44,or the steam may escape at an undesired location. Other reasons for aninjector/producer well pair 42 to fail will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art.

At Block 26, the method includes applying radio frequency (RF) heatingfrom the repair well 46 to the subterranean formation 41 adjacent thefailed injector/producer well pair 42. As will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art, the RF heating may soften or improver permeabilityof the hydrocarbon resource to allow the desired operation of the failedinjector/producer well pair 42 so that hydrocarbon resources may berecovered from the laterally extending producer well 43. In other words,the RF heating may be applied to increase, for example, improve orestablish, hydraulic communication between the failed injector/producerwell pair 42 along a length thereof to repair the failedinjector/producer well pair. The method ends at Block 28.

Referring now additionally to the flowchart 60 in FIG. 3, beginning atBlock 62, the method of hydrocarbon resource recovery includes formingspaced apart injector/producer well pairs in a subterranean formation 41(Block 64). The subterranean formation 41 may include an oil sandformation, for example. Each injector/producer well pair 42 includes alaterally extending producer well 43 and laterally extending injectorwell 44 spaced above the laterally extending injector well.

The method also includes, at Block 66, determining a failed well pair 42from among the spaced apart injector/producer well pairs. Thedetermination of whether a well pair has failed may be based upon one ormore of a fluid flow and a temperature associated with the failedinjector/producer well pair 42. For example, a fluid that may include agas (e.g., steam), liquid, or combination of gas and liquid, that may beinjected into the laterally extending injector well 44 may not flowproperly into the subterranean formation 41 when steam, for example,escapes from a location other than a distal end 45 thereof.Additionally, for example, a temperature reading at the injector orproducer wells 43, 44 may indicate that steam may not flow properly inthe injector, producer, or into the subterranean formation 41.

Other indicia of a failure may include insufficient or no fluid flow,for example. One way, in particular, of determining whether the wellpair 42 has failed is by measuring a back pressure of the injector well44. A failed well pair 42 may be determined using other techniques, aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

As noted above, a well pair may fail because of insufficient hydrocarbonresource, i.e. oil, mobility, for example. In particularly coldsubterranean formations, when steam is used, the relatively highhydrocarbon viscosity may not allow any steam to flow, or the steam mayescape at an undesired location. Conduction, for starting convection, isoften unreliable, as steam may escape to a “thief zone” or the surface,for example. Other reasons for an injector/producer well pair to failwill be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

Once a well pair has been determined as being failed, the method furtherincludes repairing the failed injector/producer well pair 42. Repairingthe failed injector/producer well pair 42 includes, at Block 68, forminga repair well 46 adjacent the failed injector/producer well. The repairwell 46 is also laterally extending in the subterranean formation 41 andis positioned between the failed injector/producer well pair 42. Ofcourse, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the repairwell 46 may be positioned in another configuration adjacent the failedinjector/producer well pair 42.

In some embodiments, repairing the failed injector/producer well 42 mayinclude optionally sensing a quantity associated with the subterraneanformation 41 from within the repair well 46 (Block 70). The sensedquantity may be an impedance, for example. The sensed quantity may beparticularly advantageous for determining a location of the failure, aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Further details ofsensing will be explained below.

RF heating is applied from the repair well 46 to the subterraneanformation 41 adjacent the failed injector/producer well pair 42. Moreparticularly, an RF applicator 47 is positioned within the repair well46 (Block 72).

Positioning of the RF applicator 47 may be based upon the sensing, forexample. In some embodiments, the RF applicator 47 may be positioned toa predetermined location within the repair well to selectively apply RFheating to the corresponding portion of the subterranean formation. Thismay be particularly advantageous, for example, when the failure of thefailed injector/producer well pair 42 has been isolated to thepredetermined location, as will be appreciated by those skilled in theart.

RF energy is supplied from an RF source 48 above the subterraneanformation 41 to the RF applicator 47 (Block 74) to apply the RF heating.RF heating may be applied to increase hydraulic communication betweenthe failed injector/producer well pair 42 along an entire lengththereof. More particularly, RF heating may be applied so that fluid thatmay be injected into the injector well 44 may result in hydrocarbonresources being collected at the producer well 43, for example, as insteam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) recovery. As will be appreciatedby those skilled in the art, the RF heating may soften or improve thepermeability of the hydrocarbon resource to allow the desired fluidflow.

The RF applicator 47 illustratively includes tubular conductors 51 a-51e arranged in end-to-end relation. The laterally extending tubularconductors 51 b-51 e may have a length sized to be at a naturalresonance at a desired operating frequency of the RF source 48. Thelength corresponding to the natural resonance may be about ahalf-wavelength of a desired operating frequency of the RF source 48,and may be determined according to the equation l=c/2f√∈_(r), where l isthe length of each tubular conductor 51 a, c is the speed of light, f isthe frequency of the RF source, and ∈_(r) is the dielectric permittivityof the subterranean formation 41. A typical operating frequency range isabout 3-30 MHz, for example. The tubular conductors 51 a-51 e mayinclude a metallic material, for example.

The RF applicator 47 also includes a pair of spaced apart feedconductors 52 a, 52 b that extend the length of the repair well 46 andwithin the tubular conductors 51 a-51 e. The pair of spaced apart feedconductors 52 a, 52 b is coupled to the tubular conductors 51 a-51 e ateach tubular conductor. More particularly, the first feed conductor 52 ais coupled to a proximal end of each tubular conductors 51 a-51 e, andthe second feed conductor 52 b is coupled to the distal end of eachtubular conductor 51 a-51 e (FIG. 2). The pair of spaced apart feedconductors 52 a, 52 b may be in the form of a twinaxial cable, forexample.

Referring now to FIG. 4, in another embodiment, a dielectric layer 53′may be on each tubular conductor 51 a′. More particularly, thedielectric layer 53′ may surround an outer portion of each tubularconductor 51 a′. Insulating each tubular conductor 51 a′ from theadjacent subterranean formation 41′ may advantageously result inincreased electrical load resistance and a reduced size for the spacedapart feed conductors 52 a′, 52 b′. Alternatively, each tubularconductor 51 a′ may be configured without electrical insulation, andlarger gauge spaced apart feed conductors 52 a′, 52 b′ may be used. Moreor less tubular conductors 51 a′ may be used based upon the length ofthe repair well 46′. Additionally, each of the pair of spaced apart feedconductors 52 a′, 52 b′ also includes a respective dielectric layers 54a′, 54 b′. In other words, each of the pair of spaced apart feedconductors 52 a′, 52 b′ is also electrically insulated.

Further details of the RF applicator may be found in application Ser.No. 12/950,339 filed Nov. 19, 2010, which is assigned to the assignee ofthe present application, and the entire contents of which are hereinincorporated by reference. Of course, other types and configurations ofRF applicators may be used.

After the well pair 42 has been repaired, or if was determined at Block66 that the well pair has not failed, the hydrocarbon resource isrecovered from the injector/producer well pairs including the repairedinjector/producer well pair 42 (Block 76). As described above, thehydrocarbon resource may be recovered using SAGD, for example. Othertechniques for hydrocarbon resource recovery may be used such as usinghot water instead of steam may be used as will be appreciated by thoseskilled in the art. The method ends at Block 78.

Referring now to the flowchart 90 in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 a anotheradvantageous embodiment is now described. Beginning at Block 92, themethod is for hydrocarbon resource recovery in a subterranean formation241 including a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairsin the subterranean formation, wherein each injector/producer well pairincludes a laterally extending producer well 243 and a laterallyextending injector well 244 spaced thereabove, and an intermediate well246 is adjacent a given injector/producer well pair. The subterraneanformation 241 may include an oil sand formation, for example.

The method includes operating a positioning actuator 255 to position aradio frequency (RF) applicator 247 coupled to the positioning actuatorto a predetermined location within the intermediate well 246 (Block 94).The predetermined location may be failure location in a failedinjector/producer well pair, for example. In other words, the giveninjector/producer well pair 242 may be a failed injector/producer wellpair.

The method also includes, at Block 96, supplying RF energy from an RFsource 248 to the RF applicator 247 at the predetermined location withinthe intermediate well 246 to selectively heat the corresponding portionof the subterranean formation 241 adjacent the given injector/producerwell pair 242. The RF energy may be supplied to increase hydrauliccommunication between the given injector/producer well pair 242, forexample. More particularly, RF energy may be applied so that fluidinjected into the injector well 244 may result in hydrocarbon resourcesbeing collected at the producer well 243, for example, as in SAGD. Aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the RF energy maysoften or improve the permeability of the hydrocarbon resource to allowthe desired hydrocarbon recovery and/or fluid flow.

The method also includes recovering hydrocarbon resources from theplurality of injector/producer well pairs including the giveninjector/producer well pair 242 (Block 98). As described above, thehydrocarbon resource may be recovered using SAGD, for example. Othertechniques for hydrocarbon resource recover may be used, for example,solvent assisted techniques, miscible processes, gas drive techniques,and hot-water drive techniques, as will be appreciated by those skilledin the art. The method ends at Block 100.

Referring now additionally to FIG. 6 b, and the flowchart 110 in FIG. 7,beginning at Block 112, the method of hydrocarbon resource recovery froma subterranean formation 241 includes forming a plurality of spacedapart injector/producer well pairs in the subterranean formation (Block114). The subterranean formation 241 may include an oil sand formation,for example. Each injector/producer well pair includes a laterallyextending producer well 243 and a laterally extending injector well 244spaced thereabove. The method also includes forming an intermediate well246 adjacent, and more particularly, between, a given injector/producerwell pair 242 (Block 116).

At Block 118, the method optionally includes positioning a dielectrictubular liner 256 within the intermediate well 246. The dielectrictubular liner 256 may advantageously improve RF heating uniformity, aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The method also includes operating a positioning actuator 255 toposition the radio frequency (RF) applicator 247 coupled to thepositioning actuator 255 to at least one predetermined location withinthe intermediate well 246. In particular, the method includes, at Block120, operating the positioning actuator 255 to position the RFapplicator 247 to predetermined locations over time. In other words, theRF applicator 247 is moveable within the intermediate well 246 along alength thereof by way of the positioning actuator 255.

The positioning actuator 255 may include a rotatable reel 257 and anelectrical coupling arrangement 258 carried by the rotatable reel thatmay be advantageously driven by an electrical motor as would beappreciated by those skilled in the art. The electrical couplingarrangement 258 is coupled to the RF source 248 and may be in the formof slip rings, for example. The positioning actuator 255 may includeother arrangements configured to position the RF applicator 247 withinthe intermediate well 246.

The RF applicator 247 illustratively includes a coaxial transmissionline 232 having a proximal end 233 coupled at the positioning actuator255. The positioning actuator 255 may hold or store the coaxialtransmission line 232, which may be flexible. The coaxial transmissionline 232 may have an outer shield tube of soft corrugated copper. Forexample, the transmission line 232 may be Heliax® Cable, available fromby Commscope, Inc., of Hickory, N.C. In some embodiments, other types oftransmission lines may be used, for example, a shielded transmissionline. The RF applicator 247 also includes a dipole antenna 234 coupledto a distal end 235 of the coaxial transmission line 232.

In some embodiments, an end, for example, the distal end 235 of thecoaxial transmission line 232 may form the dipole antenna 234. Moreparticularly, the inner conductor 237 of the coaxial transmission line232 may be coupled to a conductive tube 259 carried by the outer jacketor insulation 238, while the outer conductor 239 may extend beyond theend of the inner conductor to define the dipole antenna 234, for example(FIG. 6 b). A dielectric layer 249 is illustratively between the innerand outer conductors 237, 239. The RF applicator 247 may include othertypes of transmission lines, for example, a triaxial cable, and may alsoinclude other types of antennas and antenna coupling arrangements, aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

At Block 122, the method includes supplying RF energy from the RF source248 to the RF applicator 247 at the predetermined locations within theintermediate well 246 to selectively heat the corresponding portion ofthe subterranean formation 241 adjacent the given injector/producer wellpair 242. In other words, the method includes supplying RF energy fromthe RF source 248 to the RF applicator 247 when positioned at thepredetermined locations over time. RF energy may be supplied to the RFapplicator 247 to heat the subterranean formation 241 and increasehydraulic communication between the given injector/producer well pair,for example.

The RF source 248 may generate about 100 to 500 kilowatts of power forselective application as in this embodiment, instead of power in therange of several megawatts as in those embodiments providing RF heatingalong the entire length of the well 246. This is because the RF energyis localized at the dipole antenna 234.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the method steps maybe particularly useful for repairing the given injector/producer wellpair 242 when they have failed. Additionally, moving the RF applicator247 to different positions along the intermediate well 246 may beparticularly useful for jump-starting hydrocarbon resource recovery,and/or for increased localized RF heating.

The method further includes recovering hydrocarbon resources from theplurality of injector/producer well pairs including the giveninjector/producer well pair 242 (Block 124). As described above, thehydrocarbon resource may be recovered using SAGD, for example. Othertechniques for hydrocarbon resource recovery may be used, for example,solvent assisted techniques, miscible processes, gas drive techniques,and hot-water drive techniques, as will be appreciated by those skilledin the art. The method ends at Block 126.

The related hydrocarbon resource recovery apparatus 230 is for asubterranean formation 241 that includes spaced apart injector/producerwell pairs in the subterranean formation, wherein each injector/producerwell pair including a laterally extending producer well 243 and alaterally extending injector well 244 spaced thereabove, and anintermediate well 246 adjacent a given injector/producer well pair. Thehydrocarbon resource recovery apparatus 230 includes a radio frequency(RF) applicator 247 and a positioning actuator 255 coupled to the RFapplicator and configured to position the RF applicator to at least onepredetermined location within the intermediate well 246. The hydrocarbonresource apparatus 230 also includes an RF source 248 coupled to thepositioning actuator 255 and configured to supply RF energy to the RFapplicator 247. The RF applicator 247 is configured to supply the RFenergy to at least one predetermined location within the intermediatewell 246 to selectively heat at least one corresponding portion of thesubterranean formation 241 adjacent the given injector/producer wellpair 242.

Referring now to the flowchart 130 in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 a anotheradvantageous embodiment is now described. Beginning at Block 132, themethod is for hydrocarbon resource recovery in a subterranean formation341 including a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairsin the subterranean formation, wherein each injector/producer well pairincludes a laterally extending producer well 343 and a laterallyextending injector well 344 spaced thereabove, and an intermediate well346 adjacent a given injector/producer well pair. The subterraneanformation 341 may include an oil sand formation, for example.

The method includes operating a positioning actuator 355 to position aradio frequency (RF) sensor 347 coupled to the positioning actuator to apredetermined location within the intermediate well 346 (Block 134). Thepredetermined location may be failure location in a failedinjector/producer well pair, for example. In other words, the giveninjector/producer well pair 342 may be a failed injector/producer wellpair.

The method also includes, at Block 136, operating the RF sensor 347 atthe predetermined location within the intermediate well 346 toselectively sense the corresponding portion of the subterraneanformation 341 adjacent the given injector/producer well pair 342. Thesensed data is analyzed using an RF analyzer 348. The data from the RFsensor 347 may be analyzed to establish a profile of hydrauliccommunication between the given injector/producer well pair 342 along alength thereof, for example. More particularly, data from the RF sensor347 may be analyzed prior to RF heating, for example, so that fluidinjected into the injector well 344 may result in hydrocarbon resourcesbeing collected at the producer well 343, for example, as in SAGD. Aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the sensed data may beused to build a profile to selectively heat the adjacent subterraneanformation and thus soften the hydrocarbon resource to allow the desiredhydrocarbon recovery and/or fluid flow.

The method also includes recovering hydrocarbon resources from theplurality of injector/producer well pairs including the giveninjector/producer well pair 342 (Block 138). As described above, thehydrocarbon resource may be recovered using SAGD, for example. Othertechniques for hydrocarbon resource recovery may be used, as will beappreciated by those skilled in the art. The method ends at Block 140.

Referring now additionally to FIG. 9 b, and the flowchart 150 in FIG.10, beginning at Block 152, the method of hydrocarbon resource recoveryfrom a subterranean formation 341 includes forming a plurality of spacedapart injector/producer well pairs in the subterranean formation (Block154). The subterranean formation 341 may include an oil sand formation,for example. Each injector/producer well pair 342 includes a laterallyextending producer well 343 and a laterally extending injector well 344spaced thereabove. The method also includes forming an intermediate well346 adjacent, and more particularly, between, a given injector/producerwell pair 342 (Block 156).

At Block 158, the method optionally includes positioning a dielectrictubular liner 356 within the intermediate well 346. The dielectrictubular liner 356 may advantageously improve RF sensing uniformity, aswill be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The method also includes operating a positioning actuator 355 toposition an RF sensor 347 coupled to the positioning actuator topredetermined locations within the intermediate well 346. In particular,the method includes, at Block 160, operating the positioning actuator355 to position the RF sensor 347 to predetermined locations over time.In other words, the RF sensor 347 is moveable within the intermediatewell 346 along a length thereof by way of the positioning actuator 355.

The positioning actuator 355 may include a rotatable reel 357 and anelectrical coupling arrangement 358 carried by the rotatable reel. Theelectrical coupling arrangement 358 is coupled to the RF analyzer 348and may be in the form of slip rings, for example. The positioningactuator 355 may include other arrangements configured to position theRF sensor 347 within the intermediate well 346.

The RE sensor 347 illustratively includes a coaxial transmission line332 having a proximal end 333 coupled at the positioning actuator 355.The RF sensor 347 also includes a dipole antenna 334 coupled to a distalend 335 of the coaxial transmission line 332.

More particularly, the inner conductor 337 of the coaxial transmissionline 332 may be coupled to a conductive tube 359 carried by the outerjacket or insulation 338, while the outer conductor 339 may extendbeyond the end of the inner conductor to define the dipole antenna 334,for example (FIG. 9 b). A dielectric layer 349 is illustratively betweenthe inner and outer conductors 337, 339. The RF sensor 347 may includeother types of transmission lines, for example, triaxial cable, and mayalso include other types of antennas and antenna coupling arrangements,as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.

At Block 162, the method includes operating the RF sensor 347 at thepredetermined locations within the intermediate well 346 to selectivelysense the corresponding portion of the subterranean formation 341adjacent the given injector/producer well pair 342. In other words, themethod includes sensing data from the RF sensor 347 when positioned atthe predetermined locations over time. Data associated with thesubterranean formation 341 may be sensed by the RF sensor 347, forexample, and using the RF analyzer 348 a profile of the adjacentsubterranean formation may be determined. The profile of the sensedsubterranean formation 341 may be used as a basis for selectivelyheating the subterranean formation at the predetermined locations withinthe intermediate well 346 to thus increase hydraulic communicationbetween the given injector/producer well pair 342, for example.

The RF sensor 347 may cooperate with the RF analyzer 348 to measure andanalyze an impedance, for example, of the adjacent subterraneanformation. In some embodiments, time domain reflectometry may be used,for example, to sense and analyze an echo time of adjacent portions ofthe subterranean formation 341. Other types of sensors may be used inconjunction with or in addition to the RF sensor 347, such as, forexample, an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, etc.

As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the method steps maybe particularly useful for troubleshooting or repairing the giveninjector/producer well pair 342 when they have failed. Additionally,moving the RF sensor 347 to different positions along the intermediatewell 346 may be particularly useful for localized sensing for use injump-starting hydrocarbon resource recovery, and/or for increasedlocalized RF heating.

The method further includes recovering hydrocarbon resources from theinjector/producer well pairs including the given injector/producer wellpair 342 (Block 164). As described above, the hydrocarbon resource maybe recovered using SAGD, for example. Other techniques for hydrocarbonresource recover may be used, for example, solvent assisted techniques,miscible processes, gas drive techniques, and hot-water drivetechniques, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Themethod ends at Block 166.

The related hydrocarbon resource recovery apparatus 330 for asubterranean formation 341 that includes spaced apart injector/producerwell pairs in the subterranean formation, wherein each injector/producerwell pair comprising a laterally extending producer well 343 and alaterally extending injector well 344 spaced thereabove, and anintermediate well 346 adjacent a given injector/producer well pair. Thehydrocarbon resource recovery apparatus 330 includes a radio frequency(RF) sensor 347 and a positioning actuator 355 coupled to the RF sensorand configured to position the RF sensor to at least one predeterminedlocation within the intermediate well 346. The hydrocarbon resourceapparatus 330 also includes an RF analyzer 348 coupled to thepositioning actuator 355. The RF sensor 347 is configured to be operableto at the at least one predetermined location within the intermediatewell 346 to selectively sense at least one corresponding portion of thesubterranean formation 341 adjacent the given injector/producer wellpair 342.

Further details and benefits of hydrocarbon resource recovery using RFheating are disclosed in application attorney docket number GCSD-2417,assigned to the assignee of the present application, and the entirecontents of which are herein incorporated by reference.

Features and components of the various embodiments disclosed herein maybe exchanged and substituted for one another as will be appreciated bythose skilled in the art. Many modifications and other embodiments ofthe invention will also come to the mind of one skilled in the arthaving the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoingdescriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understoodthat the invention is not to be limited to the specific embodimentsdisclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to beincluded within the scope of the appended claims.

1-18. (canceled)
 19. An apparatus for a subterranean formation with a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairs therein, each injector/producer well pair comprising a laterally extending producer well and a laterally extending injector well spaced thereabove, and an intermediate well adjacent a given injector/producer well pair, the apparatus comprising: a radio frequency (RF) sensor; a positioning actuator coupled to said RF sensor and configured to position said RF sensor within the intermediate well; and an RF analyzer coupled to said RF sensor and configured to determine at least one failure location associated with the given injector/producer well pair by at least analyzing data from said RF sensor to establish a profile of hydraulic communication between the given injector/producer well pair along a length thereof.
 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said RF source is configured to be positioned above the subterranean formation.
 21. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said positioning actuator is configured to be positioned above the subterranean formation.
 22. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said RF analyzer is configured to cooperate with said RF sensor to measure and analyze an impedance of the adjacent subterranean formation.
 23. The apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said RF sensor comprises: an RF transmission line having a proximal end coupled at said positioning actuator; and an antenna coupled to a distal end of said RF transmission line.
 24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein said positioning actuator comprises: a rotatable reel configured to store and payout said RF transmission line; and an electrical coupling arrangement carried by said rotatable reel and coupled between said RF analyzer and said RF transmission line.
 25. The apparatus according to claim 19, further comprising a dielectric tubular liner to be positioned within the intermediate well and receive said RF sensor therein.
 26. An apparatus for a subterranean formation with a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairs therein, each injector/producer well pair comprising a laterally extending producer well and a laterally extending injector well spaced thereabove, and an intermediate well adjacent a given injector/producer well pair, the apparatus comprising: a radio frequency (RF) impedance sensor; a positioning actuator coupled to said RF impedance sensor and configured to position said RF impedance sensor within the intermediate well; and an RF analyzer coupled to said impedance RF sensor and configured to determine at least one failure location associated with the given injector/producer well pair by at least analyzing impedance data from said RF impedance sensor to establish a profile of hydraulic communication between the given injector/producer well pair along a length thereof.
 27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said RF source is configured to be positioned above the subterranean formation.
 28. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said positioning actuator is configured to be positioned above the subterranean formation.
 29. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein said RF impedance sensor comprises: an RF transmission line having a proximal end coupled at said positioning actuator; and an antenna coupled to a distal end of said RF transmission line.
 30. The apparatus according to claim 29, wherein said positioning actuator comprises: a rotatable reel configured to store and payout said RF transmission line; and an electrical coupling arrangement carried by said rotatable reel and coupled between said RF analyzer and said RF transmission line.
 31. The apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising a dielectric tubular liner to be positioned within the intermediate well and receive said RF impedance sensor therein.
 32. An apparatus for a subterranean formation with a plurality of spaced apart injector/producer well pairs therein, each injector/producer well pair comprising a laterally extending producer well and a laterally extending injector well spaced thereabove, and an intermediate well adjacent a given injector/producer well pair, the apparatus comprising: a radio frequency (RF) sensor comprising an RF transmission line and an antenna coupled to a distal end thereof; a positioning actuator coupled to a distal end of said RF transmission line and configured to position said antenna within the intermediate well; and an RF analyzer coupled to the distal end of said RF transmission line and configured to determine at least one failure location associated with the given injector/producer well pair by at least analyzing data from said antenna to establish a profile of hydraulic communication between the given injector/producer well pair along a length thereof.
 33. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said RF source is configured to be positioned above the subterranean formation.
 34. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said positioning actuator is configured to be positioned above the subterranean formation.
 35. The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein said RF analyzer is configured to cooperate with said antenna to measure and analyze an impedance of the adjacent subterranean formation.
 36. The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein said positioning actuator comprises: a rotatable reel configured to store and payout said RF transmission line; and an electrical coupling arrangement carried by said rotatable reel and coupled between said RF analyzer and said RF transmission line.
 37. The apparatus according to claim 33, further comprising a dielectric tubular liner to be positioned within the intermediate well and receive said RF sensor therein. 